Mostly summarized from Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Economics, 5th Ed.
PART 4 The Economics of the Public Sector
Chapter 10 of 36 Externalities
Section 10 of 18
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1 · Regulations: government mandated command and control policies to directly regulate behavior
2 · Corrective taxes and subsidies and tradable pollution permits: market-based policies that incentivize private decision makers to solve the problem
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1 · Regulations
Government can attempt to remedy a market failure externality by requiring or forbidding certain behaviors
An example is to make it a crime to dump poisonous chemicals into the water supply.
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It would be impossible to prohibit all pollution.
Virtually all forms of manufacturing and transportation produce some undesirable polluting byproducts.
Instead of trying to eradicate pollution entirely, society weighs the costs and benefits of an activity creating pollutants, then decides the types and quantities of pollution allowed.
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In the United States the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has the task of developing and enforcing regulations to protect the environment.
EPA actions include
· dictate a maximum amount of pollution a factory may emit
· require firms adopt a particular technology to reduce pollution emissions
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maximum amount of pollution
saidai osen ryō
最大汚染量
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Two early history advances in most languages were replacing logogram characters with letters and putting spaces between words.
Japanese only partially uses its own “kana” alphabet letters in place of Chinese characters and does not use spaces.
Since it's phonetic, easy to pronounce (notice how choppy it sounds), and absorbs many words from other languages especially English, Japanese would be a great choice for the future universal language if it used Roman letters and spaces.
From Wikipedia: “In the Meiji era (1868–1912), some Japanese scholars advocated abolishing the Japanese writing system entirely and using romaji (Roman letters) instead.”
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