Thursday
Mostly summarized from Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Economics, 5th Ed. PART 8 The Data of Macroeconomics Chapter 23 of 36 Measuring A Nation’s Income Section 14 of 15 The underground economy and GDP measurement implications. Gemini: The underground economy creates a significant "measurement gap" that distorts official Gross Domestic Product (GDP) figures, as these transactions occur outside the reach of government monitors. Because GDP is intended to measure the total value of all goods and services produced within a country, the exclusion of unreported cash payments, informal labor, and illegal trade results in an undervalued representation of a nation's true economic health. This lack of visibility forces economists to rely on indirect proxies —such as spikes in physical currency demand or discrepancies between energy consumption and reported output — to estimate the "missing" wealth. Ultimately, this data "noise" can lead to flawed policy decisi...