
Mostly summarized from Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Economics, 5th Ed. PART 5 Firm Behavior and the Organization of Industry Chapter 14 of 36 - Firms In Competitive Markets Section 18 of 22 … Per Figure 7 panel (a) In the long run firms enter or exit the market until economic profit is driven to zero. If price (P) > average total costs (ATC) there are profits, this encourages new firms to enter the market. If P < ATC there are losses, this encourages some existing firms to exit the market. … The process of firms entry into and exit from the market ends when P settles at ATC. Each competitive firm maximizes profits (or minimizes losses) by choosing a quantity at which P = marginal cost (MC). Market free entry and exit eventually forces P = ATC. Therefore at market equilibrium, P = MC = ATC and there is no further market entry and exit. MC = ATC only when the firm is operating at minimum ATC. … Panel (a) shows a firm’s long-run equilibrium lowest cost efficient scale. P ...